A case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Malignant mesothelioma is a highly malignant disease that most often occurs in the pleural cavity, followed by the peritoneum and pericardium. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) accounts for 10%-15% of all mesothelioma. The most important risk factor for MPM is exposure to asbestos. MPM has no specific clinical symptoms, imaging and histopathology are critical for the diagnosis. There are currently no generally accepted guidelines for curative treatment of MPM. The patient mainly presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and discomfort. Due to extensive omentum metastasis, no further surgical treatment was performed. Pemetrexed combined with cisplatin chemotherapy was given for 2 cycles, and the patient is still alive.

Expression of CD24 gene in human malignant pleural mesothelioma and its relationship with prognosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD24 gene in human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells and tissues, and evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of MPM patients. Methods: In February 2021, UALCAN database was used to analyze the correlation between CD24 gene expression and clinicopathological characteristics in 87 cases of MPM patients. The TIMER 2.0 platform was used to explore the relationship between the expression of CD24 in MPM and tumor immune infiltrating cells. cBioportal online tool was used to analyze the correlation between CD24 and MPM tumor marker gene expression. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expressions of CD24 gene in human normal pleural mesothelial cell lines LP9 and MPM cell lines NCI-H28 (epithelial type), NCI-H2052 (sarcoma type), and NCI-H2452 (biphasic mixed type). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expressions of CD24 gene in 18 cases of MPM tissues and matched normal pleural tissues. The expression difference of CD24 protein in normal mesothelial tissue and MPM tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. A Kaplan-Meier model was constructed to explore the influence of CD24 gene expression on the prognosis of MPM patients, and Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors in MPM patients was performed. Results: The CD24 gene expression without TP53 mutation MPM patients was significantly higher than that of patients in TP53 mutation (P<0.05). The expression of CD24 gene in MPM was positively correlated with B cells (r(s)=0.37, P<0.001). The expression of CD24 gene had a positive correlation with the expressions of thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) (r(s)=0.26, P<0.05), and had a negative correlation with the expression of epidermal growth factor containing fibulin like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), mesothelin (MSLN) and calbindin 2 (CALB2) (r(s)=-0.31, -0.52, -0.43, P<0.05). RT-qPCR showed that the expression level of CD24 gene in MPM cells (NCI-H28, NCI-H2052 and NCI-H2452) was significantly higher than that in normal pleural mesothelial LP9 cells. The expression level of CD24 gene in MPM tissues was significantly higher than that in matched normal pleural tissues (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of CD24 protein in epithelial and sarcoma MPM tissues were higher than those of matched normal pleural tissues. Compared with low expression of CD24 gene, MPM patients with high expression of CD24 gene had lower overall survival (HR=2.100, 95%CI: 1.336-3.424, P<0.05) and disease-free survival (HR=1.800, 95%CI: 1.026-2.625, P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that compared with the biphasic mixed type, the epithelial type was a protective factor for the prognosis of MPM patients (HR=0.321, 95%CI: 0.172-0.623, P<0.001). Compared with low expression of CD24 gene, high expression of CD24 gene was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of MPM patients (HR=2.412, 95%CI: 1.291-4.492, P=0.006) . Conclusion: CD24 gene and protein are highly expressed in MPM tissues, and the high expression of CD24 gene suggests poor prognosis in MPM patients.

Advances in Immunotherapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma / 中国肺癌杂志

Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) usually present with poor prognosis and short survival period, and there has been a lack of effective treatment options for a long time. Chemotherapy has limited improvement in the clinical outcome of advanced patients (the median survival is less than one year), and it is difficult to find suitable targets for targeted therapy. Recent in-depth research on immunotherapy has changed the treatment pattern of MPM. Especially, the dual immunotherapy regimen significantly improved the survival outcome of patients across subgroups and prolonged the survival time of MPM patients. Therefore, it has been approved for unresectable MPM as first-line treatment for patients. The exploration of other mono or combo immunotherapy regimens in the first and second-line settings of MPM is also underway. How to identify the best beneficial population of each regimen through predictive biomarkers is also a hot spot for researchers. This article will focus on the most up-to-date progress of MPM epidemiology, histological characteristics, pathogenesis, treatment patterns and the advances of immunotherapy in the disease.
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Analysis of the Efficacy of Pemetrexed Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive disease arising from pleural mesothelial cells. Advanced pleural mesothelioma has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of no more than 15 months. First line standard chemotherapy regimen recommended is Pemetrexed based chemotherapy regimen, with or without bevacizumab. There is no consensus on whether patients who have received first-line standard chemotherapy can benefit from pemetrexed maintenance chemotherapy. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed maintenance therapy (PMT) after treatment with a pemetrexed and platinum regimen for patients with MPM.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 MPM patients were collected from Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2013 to January 2018, eligible patients were unresectable MPM, without disease progression following 4 to 6 cycles of pemetrexed and platinum, including pemetrexed maintenance therapy group (22 cases) and observation group (18 cases). The last follow-up was conducted in January 2020. The primary endpoint were progression free survival (PFS), and the secondary end points were overall survival (OS), the efficacy, adverse reactions of PMT.@*RESULTS@#The median PFS in the PMT arm was longer than that in the observation arm (8.5 mon vs 3 mon, P=0.008), but there was no significant difference in median OS (26.4 mon vs 15.7 mon, P=0.177). Objective response rate (ORR) of two group were 22.7% and 0%, respectively. The grade 3-4 toxicity in PMT group included grade 4 neutropenia in 1 patient (4.5%), grade 3 neutropenia in 1 patient (4.5%), grade 4 anemia in 1 patient (4.5%) and grade 3 nausea and anorexia in 1 patient (4.5%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pemetrexed maintenance therapy following initial pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy improve PFS in patients with MPM, and is well tolerated.

Chinese guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (2021 Edition) / 中华肿瘤杂志

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a pleura-derived malignant tumor, with a gradually increasing incidence in recent years based on domestic and foreign epidemiologic data. Most patients with MPM are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its insidiousness and aggressiveness. The therapeutic strategies of MPM mainly include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, the immunotherapy has altered the treatment pattern and further improved the survival of these patients. In order to timely present the domestic and foreign progress in the diagnosis and treatment of MPM, and to further improve the level of standardized diagnosis and treatment in MPM in China, this guideline was formulated on the basis of existing clinical research evidence combined with experts' opinions. The guideline covers the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathology, treatment and follow-up of MPM.

Treatment of ALK Positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Alectinib: A Case Report and Literature Review / 中国肺癌杂志

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence rate and mortality rate in China and even the whole world, of which non-small cell lung cancer accounts for about 80%. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene mutation accounts for about 5%. Alectinib, ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI), has great performance in clinical. The early detection and treatment of adverse drug reactions can greatly improve clinical benefits. This paper reports a patient of ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer was admited to Baotou Central Hospital in April 2020. The diagnosis and treatment was retrospectively analyzed, and the literature was reviewed.
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Síndrome de Doege Potter / Doege-Potter syndrome

Resumen El síndrome de Doege Potter es un síndrome caracterizado por hipoglucemia severa asociada a tumor fibroso de la pleura. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 67 años con antecedente por biopsia de tumor fibroso de pleura, quien seis meses después de este diagnóstico presenta episodios de alteración del estado de conciencia con desorientación y documentación de hipoglucemia con triada de Whipple presente. Se realiza test de ayuno el cual es positivo para hipoglucemia no hiperinsulinémica y dado sus antecedentes, se hace el diagnóstico de un síndrome de Doege Potter. Se realiza manejo quirúrgico con resección total de masa tumoral con posterior resolución de la hipoglucemia.(Acta Med Colomb 2020; 45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2020.1503).

Abstract Doege-Potter syndrome is characterized by severe hypoglycemia associated with a fibrous tumor of the pleura. We present the case of a 67-year-old patient with a history of a fibrous tumor of the pleura, diagnosed through biopsy, who six months after this diagnosis experienced episodes of altered consciousness with disorientation, and documented hypoglycemia with Whipple's triad. A fasting test was positive for non-hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and, given his history, he was diagnosed with Doege-Potter syndrome. He was treated surgically through total removal of the tumor mass, with subsequent resolution of the symptoms.(Acta Med Colomb 2020; 45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2020.1503).

Mesotelioma pleural maligno: a propósito de un caso / Malignant pleural mesothelioma: a case report

El mesotelioma difuso es una neoplasia maligna poco frecuente que proviene de las células mesoteliales; la pleura es su localización más habitual y se estima que un 10% de los casos se localizan a nivel peritoneal. El mesotelioma es habitualmente diagnosticado en la quinta década de la vida, con un claro predominio en el sexo masculino, debido esto último a su relación con la exposición laboral al asbesto. Se expone un caso con factores de riesgo y diagnóstico asociado. (AU)

Diffuse mesothelioma is a rare malignant neoplasm that comes from mesothelial cells; the pleura are the most common location and is estimated that 10% of the cases are located at the peritoneal level. Mesothelioma is usually diagnosed in the fifth decade of life, with a clear predominance in the male sex, due to its relation to occupational exposureto asbestos. A case is presented with risk factors and associated diagnosis. (AU)

Progress of Bevacizumab in Malignant Pleural Effusion Caused by Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) caused by advanced lung cancer seriously affect the patients' quality of life and prognosis. The management of MPE includes thoracentesis, pleurodesis, indwelling pleural catheters and drug perfusion in pleural cavity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor are a group of important ligands and receptors that affect angiogenesis. They are the main factors controlling angiogenesis, and they play an important role in the formation of MPE. Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized VEGF monoclonal antibody, competitively binding to endogenous VEGF receptor. Bevacizumab can inhibit new blood vessel formation, reduce vascular permeability, prevent pleural effusion accumulation and slow the growth of cancers. This review aims to discuss the progress of bevacizumab in the treatment of MPE caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and explore the clinical application, efficacy, safety and future direction of bevacizumab.
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Tumor pleural, hallazgo incidental en un chequeo clínico / Pleural tumor, incidental finding in a clinical check-up

Mujer de 56 años, ama de casa. En razón de un chequeo clínico efectuado en su provincia, es derivada para completar estudios por una imagen sospechosa en la radiografía (Rx) de tórax. No fuma ni bebe y carece de antecedentes patológicos de importancia

Mortalidad por mesotelioma en Argentina, 1980-2013 / Mesothelioma mortality in Argentina, 1980-2013

RESUMEN Se estimó la tasa de mortalidad por mesotelioma y su distribución sociodemográfica y temporal en Argentina para el período 1980-2013 con datos del Sistema de Estadísticas Vitales del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Se encontraron 3.259 defunciones por mesotelioma, lo que resulta en una tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por edad de 3,1/1.000.000 en 1980 y de 5,7/1.000.000 en 2013, con un aumento promedio del 84,1% en 34 años. El incremento de la tendencia fue más claro a partir de 1997. En todos los años, la tasa de mortalidad fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres. Los resultados sugieren antecedentes de exposición al asbesto en el pasado. Aparentemente, la exposición predominante fue la ocupacional, más común entre los hombres que concentraron los casos. Se recomiendan acciones dirigidas a hacer más efectiva la prohibición ya en vigor y la vigilancia en salud orientada a los ambientes de trabajo, trabajadores previamente expuestos y la población en general.

ABSTRACT Mesothelioma mortality and its socio-demographic and temporal patterns in Argentina from 1980 to 2013 were estimated using data from death certificates obtained from the Vital Statistics System of Argentina’s National Ministry of Health. There were 3,259 mesothelioma deaths corresponding to an age-adjusted mortality of 3.1/1,000,000 in 1980 and 5.7/1,000,000 in 2013, an average increase of 84.1% in 34 years. This raising trend became clearer after 1997. Males had higher mortality estimates compared with women in every year of the series; these findings suggest past exposure to asbestos. It is plausible that the asbestos exposure was mostly occupational, which is more common among men. Actions related to reinforcing the asbestos ban already in place and strengthening health surveillance directed at workplaces, previously exposed workers, and the population in general are recommended.

Mesotelioma Pleural. Reporte de caso. Hospital de Clínicas. Asunción, Paraguay / Pleural Mesothelioma. Case report. Hospital of Clinics. Asunción, Paraguay

Paciente varón de 49 años, No conocido portador de patología de base, ingresó por sensación febril con escalofríos, cefalea, mialgias. Tres días antes del ingreso, tos con expectoración blanquecina, dolor en punta de costado del lado izquierdo y dificultad respiratoria. Examen Físico: PA: 107/61 FC: 96 X' FR: 24 X' Tax: 36°C. Aparato Respiratorio: Murmullo vesicular conservado del lado derecho. Abolido en campo medio y base del lado izquierdo. Sistema Hemolinfopoyético: Adenomegalias múltilples en región inguinal bilateral, móviles, pequeñas, no dolorosas. Evolución: Se instaló tubo de drenaje pleural, por importante derrame pleural. Se realizó toracoscopía, se constató masa extrabronquial y se tomó biopsia. La anatomía patológica + Inmunohistoquímica informa, tumor de alto grado más compatible con Mesotelioma. El paciente falleció al mes del diagnóstico. El mesotelioma pleural se considera una patología laboral-ambiental, causada por la inhalación de fibras de asbesto o amianto, tiene un mal pronóstico y es una enfermedad prevenible. Existen serias discusiones sobre prohibición del uso del asbesto. En algunos países está prohibida su importación/exportación, no así en Paraguay.

Male, 49 years old, without any disease, entered by feeling feverish, with chills, headache, myalgia. Three days before hospital admission, he presents with cough and whitish sputum and pain in left side tip and respiratory distress. At physical examination: BP: 107/61; HR: 96 X' ; RR: 24 X'; T: 36°C. Respiratory: Breath sounds on the right side preserved, abolished in base and midfield on left side. Haemolynphopoietic system: lynphadenopathy inguinal region, mobile, small, painless. Evolution: He settled chest tube, because of an important pleural effusion. Thoracoscopy was performed, an extrabronchial mass was found and a biopsy was taken. Pathology + Inmunohistochemistry says, high grade tumor that seems a pleural mesothelioma. The patient died a month after his diagnosis. Pleural Mesothelioma considered as a pathology labor - enviromental, caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. There are serious discussions about banning the use of asbestos. In some countries import / export is prohibited, but not in Paraguay.

Mesotelioma pleural maligno en ocho pacientes y revisión del tema / Malignant pleural mesothelioma in eight patients and review of topic

Se actualizan aspectos etiopatogénicos, clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos en el mesotelioma pleural maligno, enfermedad temida e infrecuente en nuestro medio. Nos impresionó sobremanera, una profesional de salud tratada recientemente y en etapa temprana que apenas sobrevivió un año. El objetivo es elevar el conocimiento sobre el tema para tratar de mejorar la sobrevida. Se presentan una síntesis de ocho pacientes estudiados y tratados con este diagnóstico en los hospitales "Amalia Simoni", "Manuel Ascunce Domenech", "Madam Curie" de Camagüey y el "Martín Chang Puga" de Nuevitas desde 1998 hasta 2015, señalando el cuadro clínico, exámenes complementarios, diagnóstico, tratamiento médico quirúrgico y los resultados. Más de la mitad de los pacientes eran fumadores con pequeño derrame pleural inicial que hicieron pensar en la enfermedad, todo lo contrario cuando no existió derrame. Hubo tres enfermos donde el diagnóstico nos sorprendió por lo inesperado. La sobrevida fue baja con una media alrededor de 11 meses, solo uno vivió dos años. Los complementarios utilizados se ajustan a otros reportes y nuestras posibilidades. El tratamiento fue actualizado y acorde a otras series en el momento del diagnóstico. Se compara nuestra casuística, la cual se asemeja a publicaciones foráneas en cuanto a diagnóstico, tratamiento y sobrevida. Señalamos que, independiente de algunos recursos desde el punto de vista diagnóstico y terapéutico con que no contamos, los resultados se ajustan a la literatura actual y la sobrevida lograda fue sin dudas, adversa(AU)

Several etiopathogenetic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the malignant pleural mesothelioma, fearful and infrequent disease in our context, are updated. It was really impressive the case of a female health professional that was recently treated at early stage of disease and barely survived one year. The objective of this review was to raise the level of knowledge on this disease in oder to improve survival rates. To this end, eight patients with this diagnosis, who were studied and treated in "Amalia Simoni", "Manuel Ascunce Domenech", "Madame Curie" hospitals in Camaguey and in "Martin Chang Puga" in Nuevitas from 1998 to 2015 were presented. Their clinical picture, supplementary tests, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment and final results were described. Half of them were smokers with initial small pleural effusion that made the specialists suspect the existence of the disease. There were three patients whose diagnoses surprised the physicians because they were unexpected. Survival was low and the average survival rate was 11 months, although one managed to live two years. The indicated supplementary tests were similar to those of other reports and adjusted to our setting. Treatment was updated and consistent with other series at the time of diagnosis. The casuistry in our conditions was compared to others and it was similar in terms of diagnosis, treatment and survival rates to the one shown in foreign publication. Regardless of some unavailable diagnostic and therapeutic resources, the results of the treatment agree with those of the current literature on the topic and the survival rate was undoubtedly negative(AU)

Investigação das neoplasias malignas de brônquio, de pulmão e de pleura no Sul do Brasil / Investigation of malignant neoplasms of the bronchus, lung and pleura in southern Brazil

O câncer de pulmão é a principal tipo que leva a mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os perfis das neoplasias malignas de brônquio, de pulmão e de pleura no sul do Brasil. Teve abordagem epidemiológica, descritiva e retrospectiva, do banco de dados secundários do Instituto Nacional do Câncer José de Alencar, de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2013, com análise das variáveis disponíveis relacionadas aos indivíduos e a patologias. Para análise de dados foi utilizado o sistema estatístico SPSS versão 21, para analisar a freqüência de 18.115 registros de neoplasia maligna de brônquio, de pulmão e de pleura e 57 casos de mesotelioma. Os resultados apresentaram para a neoplasia maligna de brônquio, de pulmão e de pleura, teve maior incidência no Rio Grande do Sul, com prevalência no sexo masculino (66%), faixa etária entre 60 a 69 anos, da cor branca, casados, com ensino fundamental incompleto, histórico de tabagismo ativo (50%), do grupo CBO-6 trabalhadores de atividades agrícolas. As variáveis sobre a patologia observam-se a prevalência do tipo histológico de adenocarcinoma (34,5%), com estádio III e IV (52%), que necessitaram de tratamentos combinados no combate a neoplasia e 20% evoluíram ao óbito. Evidenciou que a demora na detecção da neoplasia é um problema de saúde pública, sendo investigada inicialmente como uma patologia respiratória benigna. Em relação às variáveis do mesotelioma, verifica se a incidência no sexo masculino, na faixa etária 60 a 69 anos, casados, raça branca, com ensino fundamental completo, com histologia de mesotelioma maligno, estádio IV, fizeram tratamento quimioterápico e 27% evoluíram ao óbito. A prevalência dos casos de mesotelioma foram nos trabalhadores da siderurgia e condutores de veículos. No obstante da tempestividade nota que o estado do Paraná está dentro da tempestividade estabelecida pelo Ministério da Saúde, para o inicio do tratamento. Entretanto esta pesquisa teve como prerrogativa a falta de informações nas variáveis do Inca e da investigação histológica do câncer de pleura que dificulta na análise da situação atual do câncer na região Sul do Brasil, além de fragilizar as políticas de atenção oncológica.

Lung cancer is the leading type that leads to mortality. The objective of this study was to characterize the profiles of malignant neoplasms of bronchus, lung and pleura in southern Brazil. Had epidemiological approach, descriptive and retrospective, the secondary database of the National Cancer Institute José de Alencar, from January 2001 to December 2013, with analysis of the variables available to individuals and related pathologies. For data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical system version 21, to analyze the frequency of malignancy 18,115 records of bronchus, lung and pleura and 57 cases of mesothelioma. The results presented for the malignant neoplasm of bronchus, lung and pleura, had higher incidence in Rio Grande do Sul, with prevalence among males (66%), aged between 60-69 years old, of white, married, with incomplete primary education, history of active smoking (50%), the CBO-6 group activities agricultural workers. The variables on the pathology observed the prevalence of histologic type of adenocarcinoma (34.5%) with stage III and IV (52%), who required combined treatments in the fight against cancer and 20% progressed to death. It showed that the delay in the detection of cancer is a public health problem, being investigated initially as a benign respiratory disease. Regarding mesothelioma variables, verifies that the incidence in males, aged 60 to 69 years, married, Caucasian, with completed elementary school, with histology of malignant mesothelioma, stage IV, did chemotherapy and 27% have evolved death. The prevalence of cases of mesothelioma were workers in the steel and vehicle drivers. In spite of the timing note that the state of Paraná is within the timing set by the Ministry of Health to the start of treatment. However this research was to right the lack of information on the variables of the Inca and histological investigation of pleural cancer that complicates the analysis of current cancer situation in southern Brazil, as well as weakening the cancer care policies.

Tumor adenomatoide pleural / Adenomatoid pleural tumor

Introduction: Adenomatoid tumors are rare benign neoplasms, pleural is a very rare location, reporting only 4 cases worldwide and none in our country. Case report: A 30 year-old female patient, that in the context of a preventive health examination, presents a mediastinal solid mass in the right hemithorax, in the thorax radiography. The lesion of 8 cm x 7 cm x 2.4 cm was surgically removed. Histology shows a lesion compatible with pleural adenomatoid tumor and inmunohistochemistry is positive for markers such as calretinin and cytokeratin 5/6. Discussion: The pleural adenomatoid tumor is an uncommon neoplasm with benign behavior and several differential diagnoses.

Introducción: Los tumores adenomatoides son neoplasias benignas poco frecuentes, cuya ubicación pleural es de muy baja frecuencia, reportándose sólo 4 casos a nivel mundial y ninguno nacional a la fecha. Las muestras parciales en biopsia intraoperaratoria, en ausencia de antecedentes clínico-radiológicos puede representar un desafío diagnóstico. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, 30 años que en contexto de un examen preventivo de salud se pesquisa en la radiografía de tórax una masa sólida mediastínica en hemitórax derecho. Se extirpa lesión redondeada de 8 cm. La histología muestra lesión compatible con tumor adenomatoide pleural y la inmunohistoquímica positividad para marcadores Calretinina y Citoqueratina 5/6. Discusión: El tumor adenomatoide pleural en una entidad poco frecuente, de comportamiento benigno, con diversos diagnósticos diferenciales.

Survival analysis in patients with metastatic spinal disease: the influence of surgery, histology, clinical and neurologic status / Análise de sobrevida em pacientes com doença metastática espinhal: influência da cirurgia, histologia, status clínico e neurológico

Spine is the most common site for skeletal metastasis in patients with malignancy. Vertebral involvement quantification, neurological status, general health status and primary tumor histology are factors to set surgical planning and therapeutic targets. We evaluated the impact of general clinical and neurological status, histologic type and surgery in survival. Method : The study sample consisted of consecutive patients admitted from July 2010 to January 2013 for treatment. Results : Sixty eight patients were evaluated. 23 were female and 45 were male. Main primary neoplasic sites were: breast, prostate, lung/pleura and linfoproliferative. Thirty three out of 68 received surgical treatment, 2 received percutaneous biopsy and 33 had nonsurgical treatment. Survival : Log Rank curves revealed no statistical significant difference according to histological type, surgical approach and Frankel Score. Karnofsky Score was statistically different. Conclusion : Histological type and clinical status were statistically associated with life expectancy in vertebral metastatic disease. .

A coluna vertebral é o sítio mais comum de metastases ósseas. A quantificação do acometimento vertebral, o status neurológico, status clínico e histologia do tumor primário são fatores importantes para planejamento cirúrgico e metas terapêuticas. Nós avaliamos o impacto do status clinico geral e neurológico, tipo histológico e cirurgia na sobrevida de pacientes com metástases espinhais. Método : A amostra consistiu de pacientes consecutivamente admitidos de Julho de 2010 a Janeiro de 2013. Resultados : Sessenta e oito pacientes foram avaliados. 23 eram mulheres e 45 eram homens. Os principais sítios primários foram mama, próstata, pulmão e linfoproliferativos. Trinta e três realizaram tratamento cirúrgico, 2 realizaram biópsia percutânea e 33 tiveram tratamento conservador e radioterapia. Conclusão As curvas Log Rank não revelaram significância quanto à cirurgia e escore de Frankel, mas revelaram associação com Karnofsky e tipo histológico. .

Aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos en el mesotelioma pleural maligno / Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in malignant pleural mesothelioma

Para el diagnóstico de mesotelioma se requiere distinguir entre afectación mesotelial benigna y maligna, y entre mesotelioma maligno y carcinoma metastásico. Para ello son necesarias técnicas inmuno-histoquímicas realizadas sobre biopsias amplias. La toracoscopia es la técnica de elección, aunque la biopsia con aguja usando técnicas de imagen en tiempo real puede ser muy útil si hay marcado engrosamiento nodular. Es improbable que la cirugía radical (pleuroneumonectomía) sea realmente curativa, por lo que está ganando adeptos la reducción de masa tumoral mediante pleurectomía/decorticación, con asociación de quimioterapia y radioterapia a la cirugía (terapia multimodal). Cuando la resección no es factible se plantea quimioterapia, con pleurodesis o colocación de un catéter pleural tunelizado si se requiere el control del derrame pleural y se reserva la radioterapia para tratar la infiltración de la pared torácica. También es esencial un completo control del dolor (que adquiere particular protagonismo en esta neoplasia) en unidades especializadas.

Diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma requires making the distinction between benign mesothelial hiperplasia and true mesothelioma, and between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic pleural adenocarcinoma. This involves immunohisto-chemical techniques applied on large biopsy specimens, and thoracoscopy is the best choice for obtaining them. Real-time image-guided needle biopsy can also be very helpful in presence of marked nodular pleural thickening. Radical surgery (ie, extrapleural pneumonectomy) is unlikely to cure completely the patient, and cyto-reduction surgery with preservation of the underlying lung (pleurectomy/decortication), with addition of chemo and radiation therapy (muiltimodal treatment) is gaining adepts in the last few years. When surgery is not feasible at all, early chemotherapy -with pleurodesis or placement of a indwelling pleural catheter (to control the effusion if necessary)- is advisable. Radiation therapy should be reserved to treat chest wall infiltration in those cases, and complete control of pain in specialized units is also essential in those patients.